Critical infrastructure and the law, by Member State
NIS2
Power plants, waste water treatment, airports and space ground stations all fall under NIS2 and the Critical Entities Resilience Directive. Choose a country to see its largest sites and how far it has written both directives into law. The objects each country owns in orbit are in the satellite directory.
Legilux
Published by 303 Overwatch A.S.B.L, a Luxembourg non-profit for space collective defence, from the Official Journal and the national gazettes, so that operators can see where the duties land and regulators can check our figures. Accredited by the Luxembourg Ministry of National Education.
Member States with NIS2 and CER in national law22 of 27As of , checked against the national gazettes
Due in national law17 October 2024NIS2 Article 41 and CER Article 26, Official Journal
Critical entities identified by17 July 2026CER Article 6(1); Member States do not publish the lists
Transposition checked country by country against the national gazettes and the national measures listed on EUR-Lex as of ; deadlines quoted from the Official Journal; sites built from the sources under Sources and method. Published by 303 Overwatch A.S.B.L.
Choose a country
5 of the 27 still have a directive to transpose; their status is in bold.
ATAustriaBoth transposed
BEBelgiumBoth transposed
BGBulgariaCER not yet transposed
HRCroatiaBoth transposed
CYCyprusBoth transposed
CZCzechiaBoth transposed
DKDenmarkBoth transposed
EEEstoniaBoth transposed
FIFinlandBoth transposed
FRFranceNeither transposed
DEGermanyBoth transposed
GRGreeceBoth transposed
HUHungaryBoth transposed
IEIrelandNIS2 not yet transposed
ITItalyBoth transposed
LVLatviaBoth transposed
LTLithuaniaBoth transposed
LULuxembourgBoth transposed
MTMaltaBoth transposed
NLNetherlandsBoth transposed
PLPolandBoth transposed
PTPortugalBoth transposed
RORomaniaBoth transposed
SKSlovakiaBoth transposed
SISloveniaBoth transposed
ESSpainNeither transposed
SESwedenCER not yet transposed
Sites by sector and Member State
Sites on the map1,139In 27 Member States, built
Electricity407In 25 countries
Waste water353In 27 countries
Air transport196In 27 countries
Ports129In 22 countries
Space54In 17 countries
Number of sites on the map in each sector, by Member State. Choose a country to show it on the map.
Member State
Electricity
Waste water
Air transport
Ports
Space
Total
20
15
6
0
2
43
20
15
3
2
2
42
20
15
4
2
0
41
13
15
6
5
0
39
0
8
3
3
2
16
20
15
5
0
1
41
20
15
5
10
0
50
6
7
1
1
0
15
20
15
10
10
1
56
20
15
17
10
7
69
20
15
22
10
9
76
20
15
9
10
2
56
19
15
3
0
0
37
20
15
4
6
1
46
20
15
25
10
8
78
6
6
1
4
0
17
6
12
3
2
0
23
1
6
1
0
1
9
0
2
1
2
0
5
20
15
5
6
1
47
20
15
11
5
1
52
20
15
5
8
3
51
20
15
12
2
1
50
9
15
1
0
0
25
7
12
1
1
0
21
20
15
21
10
9
75
20
15
11
10
3
59
All 27
407
353
196
129
54
1,139
Counts are the sites this map plots, not a register of every site in a sector. Electricity shows the 20 largest plants in each country and waste water the 15 largest, so 20 and 15 are caps, not totals; ports show up to 10. Airports and space sites are every one the sources record. Shade compares countries within each sector. The technologies at these sites, how they connect and the services each kind of site provides, have a page of their own.
A site on this map is where the duties can land, not a designation: Member States designate essential, important and critical entities and do not publish the lists. If you operate ground infrastructure for space services, the compliance work happens in the NIS2 portal.
Which provision covers each sector
Electricity
NIS2 Annex I, sector 1, Energy, subsector (a) Electricity, which names “Producers as defined in Article 2, point (38), of Directive (EU) 2019/944”. CER Annex, sector 1, Energy.
Waste water
NIS2 Annex I, sector 7, Waste water, which names “Undertakings collecting, disposing of or treating urban waste water, domestic waste water or industrial waste water as defined in Article 2, points (1), (2) and (3), of Council Directive 91/271/EEC”. CER Annex, sector 7, Waste water.
Air transport
NIS2 Annex I, sector 2, Transport, subsector (a) Air, which names “Airport managing bodies as defined in Article 2, point (2), of Directive 2009/12/EC”. CER Annex, sector 2, Transport.
Ports
NIS2 Annex I, sector 2, Transport, subsector (c) Water, which names “Managing bodies of ports as defined in Article 3, point (1), of Directive 2005/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, including their port facilities as defined in Article 2, point (11), of Regulation (EC) No 725/2004, and entities operating works and equipment contained within ports”. CER Annex, sector 2, Transport, subsector (c) Water.
Space
NIS2 Annex I, sector 11, Space, which names “Operators of ground-based infrastructure, owned, managed and operated by Member States or by private parties, that support the provision of space-based services, excluding providers of public electronic communications networks”. CER Annex, sector 10, Space.
Where the sites come from
PyPSA powerplantmatching, release v0.8.1, CC BY 4.0. Up to 20 of the largest operating plants per country, 100 MW and above, units at one site merged. The source does not cover Cyprus or Malta.
OurAirports, Public domain. Every airport the source classes as large with scheduled service.
Wikidata, CC0. Every current ground station, teleport, deep space station and mission control centre recorded in a Member State, and spaceports whose operator is recorded. Each site links to its entry so it can be checked or corrected.
Researched ground segment sites, cited per site. Control centres, teleports and ground stations that Wikidata does not class as ground segment, such as SES at Betzdorf. Each is cited to its operator or programme page, which the site links to, with coordinates from Wikidata or OpenStreetMap.
Eurostat, maritime transport statistics, goods handled in main ports, CC BY 4.0. Up to 10 ports per country handling a million tonnes or more a year, largest first, from the latest year published (2025, or 2024 for Denmark and Ireland). Estonia publishes its ports only as a confidential total, so the Port of Tallinn is shown without a tonnage.
GISCO Ports 2013, Eurostat, EuroGeographics and Eurostat, attribution required. The location of each port by its UN/LOCODE. Port authorities formed since (Antwerp-Bruges, HAROPA, HaminaKotka, Zeeland Seaports) are placed at their largest site.
Copernicus Digital Elevation Model GLO-30, European Union and ESA, Copernicus DEM licence: any use, no fee, with attribution. Elevation at each site, in whole metres, from the 30 m model. Copernicus Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was accessed on 2 October 2026 from https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem. A surface model, so over a building or a forest it reads the roof or canopy. Airports give their published aerodrome elevation instead, as OurAirports carries it. A port whose point falls on its harbour water is shown at the waterline, and offshore sites at sea.
Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union, CC BY 4.0. Population, area, GDP, GDP per head in purchasing power, median age, share aged 65 and over, unemployment and life expectancy. The latest year published for each, marked where Eurostat marks it provisional or an estimate.
European Union, EU country pages, EU content CC BY 4.0; flags are national symbols. Dates of EU, euro area and Schengen membership, official EU languages, and the national flags shown beside each country.
Wikimedia Commons photos and English Wikipedia summaries, photos under their own open licences, summaries CC BY-SA 4.0. Matched through Wikidata: airports by IATA code, ports by UN/LOCODE, space sites by their cited entry, power and waste water plants by type, distance under 3 km and a shared name, then reviewed by hand. A site with no reliable match has no photo. Each photo is credited to its author under its own licence on the card.
Natural Earth, 1:50m admin 0 countries, Public domain. Outermost regions such as French Guiana, the Canary Islands, Madeira and the Azores fall outside the drawn area. Their sites are listed but not plotted.
EU instruments quoted from the Official Journal. National laws and authorities checked against official sources on the date shown for each country.
Site data built .
If you run a space ground station in one of the 27
Your Member State's law, as this page tracks it, decides how NIS2 reaches you, including the duty to exercise your security measures and assess their effectiveness. 303 Overwatch runs a no-fee working session that helps your team build that exercise programme under the national rules that apply, and accredited SCOR training for your people.
